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제 14 호 Life of Korean Migrants in the Japanese Colonial Period

Kicker: WORLD (HISTORY) Life of Korean Migrants in the Japanese Colonial Period the Life which Is Seen Through the Novel “Pachinko” By Su-Young Kim, Cub-Reporter kimsuyoung1342@gmail.com Have you ever heard about the novel “Pachinko”? The author Min-Jin Lee wrote this book which is recognized worldwide. “Pachinko” shows the life of the Korean migrants in the Japanese colonial period. The discrimination that Korean residents in Japan received revealed is well. Therefore, I will introduce why Koreans began to live in Japan, how Korean residents lived in Japan, and what kind of hardships they endured. Why did Koreans begin to live in Japan? Korean Japanese are people who have lived in Japan since the Japanese colonial period. They acrossed the sea for livelihood or a compulsory manpower draft after the Second World War. Also, there are many reasons that Korean began to live in Japan. In the period of the Daehan Empire, Korean students went to Japan to study. Since the Japanese colonial period, Koreans are beneficial to business because they do not have any obligatory military service in Japan, and also Japanese traders wanted Koreans who had patience. When the Pacific War broke out, the Japanese government gathered a lot of Japanese to participate in the war. Japanese labors were being dismiss and the Japanese government suggested that Japanese laborers be substituted with Koreans. Therefore, Koreans worked in Japan. However, the most of Japanese thought that Koreans took their jobs. How Korean migrants lived in Japan A lot of Korean migrants live in Osaka -which is a city of Japan because there are many munition factories. A lot of cheap labor power cause decrease of Koreans value. In wartime, Koreans worked at coal mines and munition factories. Koreans were faced with difficulties of communication and lack of infrastructures. Also, they suffered from harsh treat by Japanese’s superior thought. Korean migrants managed most of the pachinko store. Because of 1970s discrimination, they could not get normal jobs. Japanese companies did not hire Koreans, so they had no choice but to get service jobs or works that Japanese disliked. For these reasons, Koreans usually managed pachinko shops or worked with Japanese gangsters, Yakuza. Let me explain what pachinko is; it is a gambling machine that matches the same pictures with tiny ball. After Japan collapsed, pachinko was beginning to get famous in 1946 doing this by retired servicepersons. Korean migrants tried to adapt to life in Japan. However, they could not be settled psychologically. They were always foreigners to Japanese. During the Kanto Earthquake in 1923, Koreans were slaughtered due to rumors that they poisoned the well. They lived a painful life with all kinds of discrimination in Japan. Later, they were liberated in 1945, but those who failed to reach their home countries had to stay on in Japan.https://mindan.org/old/kr/front/newsDetail6d72.html?category=2&newsid=15198 <A picture which celebrates for opening new pachinko store in the Japan>https://vintagepachinko.com/product/reconditioned-1972-nishijin-pachinko-machine-known-as-dual-spinners/ <Image of Pachinko machine> The novel “Pachinko” author’s opinion The author of the novel “Pachinko”said she had lived in the United States as an immigrant, but she was able to grow well thanks to the kindness of others. On the other hand, shewrote this story because of her friend who suffered unfair discrimination from the Japanese.It is said that her intention in the novel is not to tell the Japanese that they are bad, but that they are dishonest about their country's history.https://library.ltikorea.or.kr/ebooks/300612 <The novelPachinko> These Korean Japanese’s life is part of our history. We must try not to forget them. Discrimination of Korean Japanese are problems that are progressing until now. Continuously concern for them is the most important thing. Also, we have to change our attitudes about foreign laborers in Korea. If we ignore them, and treat them unfairly, we are acting the same as if we do not care about the past. The happenings that deny history must not occur. Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbiccoRW5JM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4tnsBZ_KQo Pachinko, Min-Jin, Lee, 2017

• 작성일 2022-05-28
• 좋아요 Like 1

제 14 호 Sticking with Zero COVID-19 Led Shanghai to Lock Down

Kicker: WORLD Sticking with Zero COVID-19 Led Shanghai to Lock Down by Ji-Min Baek, Cub-reporter / Do-Hyuk Kim, Reporter pjm5875@naver.com / ndapple0921@gmail.com While the “Living with COVID-19” is trending around the world and the policies that have been tightened ever since COVID-19 first showed up are easing one by one, China is still insisting on complete eradication of the coronavirus. It is a policy that runs counter to all other nations around the globe.Before we dive into backgrounds and the reason why this policy is so stubborn, finding about Chinese-style quarantine should be preceded. The Chinese way of controlling over 1.3 billion Chinese people is to completely shutdown the area where COVID-19 patients appear, and also can be characterized by its merciless execution. Extensive tests deploying nucleic acid are being held for every single person living in the specific area combined with continuous isolation of close contacts and medical observations. The reason why China shows such Chinese-style quarantine characteristics is that it uses its own vaccines, so the infection prevention rate is known to be much lower than that of mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer and Moderna. Also, in China, intensive care units are half that of Korea, and one-third of the U.S., that is lacking. Therefore, if COVID-19 patients occur on a large scale, it is difficult to handle them. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61461099 Why Zero Covid Policy? The reason why China is insisting on Zero Covid can be divided into three main aspects: economic, Chinese reality, and politics. When countries around the world suffered economic damage last year, China was an exception. China also has suffered some partial damage on domestic demands during the strict quarantine, but comparison between other regions and China made struck on Chinese economy considerably smaller and the scale of the problem seemed minute in terms of daily lives of Chinese citizens. In addition, as seen above, there is a medical resource problem in China. Medical resources in China are relatively more poor than advanced countries and are concentrated in large cities such as Shanghai and Beijing, so if a large-scale COVID-19 situation occurs, it cannot be properly handled. Finally there is the issue of politics. Living with COVID-19 is also being talked about in China. However, a famous Chinese doctor who brought up the story, was criticized as a “western front dog.” Opponents of living with COVID-19 in China are criticizing the living with COVID-19, emphasizing that China is better at controlling COVID-19 infections better than the West. https://www.npr.org/2022/03/27/1089107011/china-shanghai-covid-lockdown Ongoing Catastrophe in Shanghai Seems Endless Nationwide Zero-COVID policy made major cities of China to shut down indefinitely, and Shanghai could be no exception. Shanghai’s recent spread of COVID-19 exceeded a dangerous level, so the Chinese government had to get cracking. Because of this tenacious obsession on shrinking down the number of Chinese infections to zero, authorities of the Chinese Communist Party imposed a complete lockdown on Shanghai. This decision was first made on March 28th, and immediately became a hot potato worldwide while saturating headlines of major media globally because of Shanghai’s big share of the Chinese economy. Lockdown of Shanghai made more than twenty-six million people locked into their homes, all of factories placed in Shanghai had to shut their production lines, and public security officers began hunting down any mole trying to escape their cages. This shutdown was possible only because the Chinese government consists of a single Communist party, and they dictate all of pending issues nationwide. Chinese army began disguising in public security officers and soon surged on ruling downtown Shanghai as they wish being accompanied by violence. Video containing public security officers attacking an innocent, single person as a mob spread quickly on the internet, encouraging furious populations of Shanghai to eventually make some actions in groups as well. Families which haven’t stored enough food to withstand weeks prematurely are suffering from famine even today, which drove others around the globe completely shocked since it makes no sense in one of the biggest economic capitals in 2022. Shops selling leftover goods were stolen rapidly by people endangered with hunger, and the whole episode reminded us of a riot. Protests began occurring with people battering rice pots desperate for something to eat, but the Shanghai lockdown is not yet resolved currently. These peaceful yet effective protests wowed international society, bringing back memories of Tianmen Square in 1989. Despite Shanghai Being Overseas, Problems Belong to Us Too Lockdown not only made an impact on Shanghai residents, but also to South Korea and Koreans spending time in Shanghai as well. Because all of facilities even including that is directly liked to economy had to shut down, accessing major ports of Shanghai is denied for everyone. Ships currently locked in Shanghai’s ports are containing both raw materials for producing consumer goods and goods which are already ran through production, making product delivery cycle even longer than before. Korea’s top-selling automobile manufacturer Hyundai-Kia group reported that nearly all models currently on sale requires around one year of waiting to fetch key of the vehicle because of COVID-19, and things are just about to get even worse. Korean undergraduates studying in Shanghai and Korean workers which visited Shanghai for business trip are also locked in Shanghai alongside Chinese residents, too. In order to escape from Shanghai, foreigners must belong to an infection unable to be cured in China or death of family. Otherwise, there are no exception and Chinese authorities constantly refuse to return their passports they have collected when they entered China. When escaping from Shanghai is confirmed by the Chinese government, they should book a flight returning to Korea and get once again PCR test before they leave Shanghai. Hardships don’t end there, though. Returning flight is only available in morning on Monday or Friday and disinfected taxis that bring them to the airport leave them at night before the flight. They should spend the night at the airport without any proper facility for sleeping, experiencing lifestyle of homeless people. Shanghai lockdown firstly seemed like China’s domestic problem, but news soon revealed that our nation is under strong influence as well. COVID-19 has transformed our lives dramatically and differentiated the way global authorities deal with blocking its diffusion. Some nations, especially European countries, adopted “Living with COVID-19” policy earlier than others. China, by contrast, is still attempting to completely eradicate the coronavirus under their territory. Shanghai lockdown shows Chinese government’s eagerness to boast their superiority against democratic superpowers, but countless people are suffering because of their greed. We hope for the Shanghai lockdown to be resolved as soon as possible, and also the complete annihilation of COVID-19 virus comes true very soon. Sources: https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25023689 https://youtu.be/JE8kldn4Z-o https://imnews.imbc.com/replay/2022/nwdesk/article/6369996_35744.html https://www.mk.co.kr/news/world/view/2022/04/377035 https://www.bbc.com/news/business-61461099 (Image) https://www.npr.org/2022/03/27/1089107011/china-shanghai-covid-lockdown (Image)

• 작성일 2022-05-27
• 좋아요 Like 2

제 14 호 All about the French Election 2022

Kicker: WORLD All about the French Election 2022 by Da-hwee Kim, Cub-reporter elfnme@naver.com French presidential election coverage on FRANCE 24 The French presidential election was held on the 10th (1st round) and 24th (2nd round) of April 2022, and Emmanuel Macron was re-elected as the president of France. You may have curiosity about the presidential electoral system in France at this point because it already seems quite different from ours. Therefore, in this article, we are going to dig into the French election from A to Z. Let’s figure out the basic concept of it first. And then, we’ll take some time to compare it with the Korean election system. Finally, we’ll analyze its significance and explore its impact on the world. What are the results of the 2022 French presidential election? The 2022 French presidential election marked the lowest turnout since 1969. According to the final tally, Emmanuel Macron was re-elected with 58.55% of the vote, beating Marine Le Pen, who received 41.45% of the vote. The interesting fact is that these two candidates have even faced each other in the 2017 presidential election. It is quite evident that the gap has narrowed significantly compared to the polls of the two candidates in the runoff polls of the two candidates right after the first vote in the presidential election five years ago, which were in the low 60% vs. high 30% range. Marine Le Pen suffered a total of three presidential failures, including this one, and Macron became the second president to win re-election after François Mitterrand and Jacques Chirac. What is the difference between the French and Korean elections? The French presidential election is conducted by direct elections, in which the people are directly elected. The term of office is 5 years and can be renewed only once. Voting is largely divided into 1st and 2nd rounds. If there is a majority of valid votes on the first ballot, that candidate is directly elected president. However, if there is no majority on the first ballot, the two candidates receiving the most votes in the first ballot will be put on a run-off ballot. Looking at the domestic case, it can be seen that this is completely different. As we all know, in Korea, the elected person is decided by one round of voting. The fact that the president cannot be re-elected is also a big difference. What was the situation in the French presidential election? In the French presidential election, Emmanuel Macron of the centrist party En Marche (Advance) and Marine Le Pen of the far-right National Front (FN) faced each other. Since they made opposite promises in all fields, including economy and security, including EU and immigration policy, the direction of the election could be seen to change significantly depending on which candidate is elected as president. Unlike Macron, in the case of Le Pen, who is a far-right conservative candidate, there was a possibility that France, which had been involved in international affairs with an open attitude, would take a different path than in the past. Therefore, there were a lot of voices of concern about this. In a Europe in crisis following Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the French have rejected candidates hostile to NATO, the European Union, the United States, and the fundamental value that all citizens should not be discriminated against because they are Muslim. According to French Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian, the election results reflected a rallying to uphold the French people's values against France's narrow vision. French presidential election 2022 explained: Macron challenged by far-right Le Pen (nbcnews.com) Why is the French presidential election important? At this point, you may be wondering why the French presidential election is so important. It is because the French presidential election is considered one of the most important elections in the world. This is because of France's international status and influence. France, along with Germany and the United Kingdom, is a representative European power. Therefore, there is no doubt that the powers of the French president are considerable. Furthermore, France is one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council. The French president has great power in the international community. It is for this reason that the world's attention is focused on the French presidential election. How will this affect the world? To tell the truth, if Marine Le Pen had been elected, the whole game would have been greatly altered for sure. But with Macron's re-election, the risk was no longer needed. Nevertheless, there are still many hurdles that Macron must overcome, such as the Ukraine war, pandemic, or religious issues. No one knows what kind of situation the country and the world will face. Macron, who had been criticized for being wild and arrogant in his first administration, has hinted that the new government will show a more inclusive and understanding style of governance. It makes us anticipate a leap to a better future. Sources: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/24/world/europe/french-election-results-macron-le-pen.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/24/europe/french-election-results-macron-le-pen-intl/index.html https://www.francetvinfo.fr/elections/resultats/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election

• 작성일 2022-05-22
• 좋아요 Like 3

제 13 호 Ukraine / Russia Conflict

Kicker : WORLD (UKRAINE/RUSSIA CONFLICT) Ukraine / Russia Conflict Something Big Is Hiding Around the Corner Do-Hyuk Kim, Reporter ndapple0921@gmail.com Recently, the skyrocketing international oil price has marked a big impact on South Korea’s petrol prices, and several analysts have pointed out that the fundamental reason for rising oil price is because of escalating threats between Ukraine and Russia. Russia called up a big number of their army along the Ukrainian border, which is an anomalous decision since they haven’t made military collision after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Why is Russia making such an act against Ukraine, and how is the Western world responding including Ukraine? Let’s make a deep dive into this bleak situation and its background to find out. The atmosphere becoming strenuous between Ukraine and Russia began last November 11th. Putin decided to place some whopping ninety-two thousand soldiers near to the Ukraine border. This was an unusual movement from Russia, since Russia didn’t make any major military actions after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The biggest reason for Russia pulling out physical method without a glimpse of hesitation is mainly due to Putin’s eagerness to enlarge Russia’s power over East Europe, which naturally leads to putting Ukraine under Russian influence. Other nations in Eastern Europe were mostly out of Communism, making more friendly relationships with other European nations like the United Kingdom and France. Russia’s only left chance to remark themselves in Europe was Ukraine, and Ukraine, on the other hand, tried to jump into the bandwagon of capitalistic nations’ union. This led Putin into fury and desperateness, and Ukraine’s effort to join NATO constantly irritated Putin – finally making Russia to take genuine military action over Ukraine. Countries of Western society immediately criticized Putin’s Russia, warning Putin to stop threatening Ukraine for justifying their greediness only. During last December, despite Americans and United Nations keep pushing Putin to stop giving threats to Ukraine, Russia increasingly placed their armies and weapons right in front of the Ukrainian border. End of 2021 had no improvements over this strain between Americans which support Ukraine and Russia. Beginning of 2022 revealed that Russia’s black-ops was currently undergoing, Putin trying to bribe Ukraine’s government officials while trying to persuade them to stand on Russia’s side. Feared that war outbreak might really happen, each nations told their embassies and citizens to leave Ukraine as soon as possible. Putin went to Beijing to bring support from Xi Jinping – leader of a nation that shares same ideology over economic and politic decisions – and agreed to announce that NATO should stop to constantly expand their political power. This meant Russia has no thoughts of stopping this crisis before Ukraine and Americans hiding behind surrenders to them. South Korea also announced the highest possible warnings among all territories of Ukraine, prohibiting all tourists visiting Ukraine from February 13th. Great Britain followed this decision and the United States finally pulled the plug of their embassy of Ukraine on February 12th. Britain estimated over hundred and fifty thousand Russian soldiers are staying around the Ukrainian border, which is a big leap from ninety-two thousand three months ago. On February 22nd, Putin finally initiated an attack of Ukraine, and Russia officially showed off their covetousness to the entire world to take away Ukraine’s independence for swapping it into a Russian subordinate. Several intelligence agencies of Western nations warned of the high possibility of an attack over Ukraine within a few weeks during February as constant espionage of Russia on Ukrainian government officials told, but no one actually believed Russia would bring the war to Eastern Europe in the twenty-first century. Everyone was shocked how impudent Putin is, and is worrying this war could further spread into World War III. The president of United States Joe Biden immediately responded with strong messages calling for economic sanctions on the Russian government and banks. European nations also innitiated sanctions by Switzerland restricting Putin’s access to his own bank account created in Switzerland’s banks and United Kingdom freezing up Russian assets remaining in their country. South Korea decided to partially join this trend by banning Korean semiconductor products getting exported to Russia. Not only the government, but South Korean citizens are joining this move, too. Our record-breaking curling national team ‘Team Kim’ and entire teams belonging to Korean Curling Federation decided boycotting all of the upcoming match against Russian teams. Despite Putin beginning the war being high-spirited, progress of the war is not going as well as he hoped. Ukrainians gathered for a battle to keep them and their families’ lives to keep on going. The current Ukrainian president and former one recorded a video showing them armed to fight against Russia, which made a tremendous effect on Ukrainian citizens to fight back Russia. Russian army recorded more deaths than the Ukrainian army did, which is astonishing since the Ukrainians have hardly any advanced weapons as the Russians have. Fighting for their lives and fighting just for their duty made a remarkable difference, and the wave of world citizens hoping for peace in Ukraine may steadily force Putin to pull his army away from Ukrainian territory. Russia might be massively powerful and renowned as one of the strongest nations on earth, but even they can’t justify winning a flag in a war begun for no practical reasons. As everyone hopes, I wish this war between Ukraine and Russia can quickly come to a halt within a few days, and peace can be recovered. No more deceased people should be allowed in the 21st century via violence! Sources : https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/conflict-ukraine https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/sports/sports_general/1033029.html https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-60558048 (Picture)

• 작성일 2022-03-02
• 좋아요 Like 3

제 13 호 Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics with Controversial Short Track Refereeing

Kicker: WORLD (Olympics) Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics with Controversial Short Track Refereeing By Seo-Won Hong, Reporter eunoia1025@naver.com The Beijing Winter Olympics were held for 17 days from February 4th to 20th. The Beijing Winter Olympics caused controversy at the opening ceremony when Chinese minorities dressed in hanbok, a traditional Korean costume, appeared. The Beijing Winter Olympics ended with a lot of controversy in various Olympic sports events. Among the controversies at the Beijing Winter Olympics, the most controversial case was the short track speed skating decision. After the disqualification of the men's 1,000m short track speed skating, Korean people became very interested in the controversy over fairness and equity, the spirit of the Olympics. Through this article, I will take a closer look at the controversy over the disqualification of Korean players in the men's 1,000m semifinals and explain the actions taken in Korea later. Furthermore, I will introduce the controversy over the judgment that took place in the previous Olympics and the attitude we will think about when we look at the Olympics. The Background of the Controversy over the Short Track Skating Match and the Later Korean Team's Actions Semifinals of the men’s 1000m short track speed skating (Yonhap) On February 7, the men's 1,000m short track speed skating semifinals at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics were held at Beijing Capital Indoor Stadium in China. In the semifinals, South Korea's Hwang Dae-heon and Lee Joon-seo crossed the finish line in first and second place, respectively. However, since then, they have been penalized for cheating on a late lane change. On behalf of them, Chinese players, who were ranked third in the group, advanced to the finals. After the type of competition, the Korean team protested to the chairman of the short track speed skating referee and sent a protest to the International Skating Union (ISU) and International Olympic Committee (IOC). ISU announced in a statement on February 8th that they could not accept protests related to the decision made in the men's 1,000m short track speed skating semifinals at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. As the controversy grew at the time, the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee held an emergency press conference on the 8th, the day after the match. The Korean Sport & Olympic Committee has protested the decision and said they will file a complaint with Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). However, on the 20th, the last day of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the Korean Sport & Olympic Committee decided not to file a complaint with the CAS over the controversy over the biased short track speed skating decision at the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. In other words, the plan to file a CAS complaint for short track judgment was withdrawn. The Korean Sport & Olympic Committee judged that it had already obtained all necessary measures in the process of preparing for the complaint. Lee Ki-heung, chairman of the Korea Sports Council, clearly raised the issue with the chairman of the IOC and ISU at the time. After the controversial short track speed skating match, the referee changed during the women's 1,500m and 3,000m events. He also said, “The controversial men's 1,000m match is not the final, but the semifinals, so even if we win the complaint, it will not be profitable.” The withdrawal of the CAS complaint plan can be seen as a consideration of the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon-do two years later. Gangwon-do, which received full support from the IOC, succeeded in hosting the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in January 2020. It has even proposed a decentralized hosting with North Korea at the competition, attended by 3,000 youth athletes from more than 80 countries. Chairman Lee explained, “There was an opinion that it was not desirable to push ahead with the complaint ahead of the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics.” Another Controversy over the Decision of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics Sui Wenjing and Han Cong of China, who had been ranked first in the short program, won the gold medal with a total of 155.47 points with 78.61 technical points and 76.86 artistic points despite consecutive mistakes unlike the previous day. Since then, controversy over the decision has been raised. Not only mistakes during the game, but also the particularly high score of referee Hwang Feng of China, one of the referees at the time, became the center of controversy. Chinese figure skating referee Hwang Feng, who was disciplined for being biased during the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, was controversial as he was the referee of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. Judge Hwang Feng was suspended for one year after he was found to have been biased for Chinese athletes in the figure skating pair event at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics ended with a lot of controversy in the judgment. What is the CAS? It is an organization founded by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to quickly and fairly judge possible disputes in international sports events. The organization will hold referees over disputes over judgment, drug doping, and athletes' qualifications at various international competitions, including the Olympics. There may be cases where the judgment of the referee is made unfairly. Therefore, CAS was created to undermine the purity of sports games and correct the results of the violation of the “fairness of referees,” which is the basis for the existence of sports games. Case of Filing a Lawsuit against CAS in Korea The most recent case in which Korea filed a complaint with the CAS during the Olympics was the 2004 Athens Olympics gymnast Yang Tae-young case. Yang Tae-young scored 57.774 points in the men's individual gymnastics and lost 0.049 points to Paul Ham (USA), who scored 57.823 points, to win the bronze medal. However, Yang Tae-young failed to win the gold medal because the referee judged the postponement of 0.2 points at Parallel bars, an individual event. At that time, one of the referees of mechanical gymnastics technology was found to be a leader and referee for years in Ham's hometown. As the controversy over the decision grew, the International Gymnastics Federation also admitted through its own analysis that Yang Tae-young failed to win the gold medal for losing 0.1 points due to a misjudgment and even disciplined the referee and technical referee. The Korean Sport & Olympic Committee filed a complaint with the CAS, but at the time, the CAS ruled that “the result of the misjudgment due to the referee's mistake, not the match-fixing, is not subject to reversal.” The Olympics is a sports festival for people around the world. The 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics for a month and athletes brought us interest, cheer, and joy. Although there were questions of fairness, the Beijing Winter Olympics brought us hope and inspiration. However, there have been several criticisms that the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics has turned into a festival unique to China. A biased judgment would be an act that devastates the players' four-year efforts. Controversy over the decision should no longer come out, and the Beijing Winter Olympics should be the last Olympics with controversy over biased judgment. Sources: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rkA-_Ek5iA4 https://sports.v.daum.net/v/20220220140007752 https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=934383&cid=43667&categoryId=43667 https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20220201029300007 https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20220208001400315

• 작성일 2022-03-02
• 좋아요 Like 1

제 12 호 China's Game Restriction

KICKER: WORLD (GAME) China’s Game Restriction What Impact Can It Have? Yeong-Jin Choi, Editor pch39067@gmail.com Do you like to play games? If you ask me, I would like to answer, “I do.” One of the world’s most popular game, The League of Legends, has been completely merged by China in 2015, and China itself is rapidly enhancing the gaming technology, which is highly influential around the world. However, this powerful gaming nation is strictly restricting games on teenagers right at the moment, which caused some decrease in stocks to some big online gaming companies in China, and. therefore, I would like to focus on China’s game restrictions, and what impacts it might cause to Korea. Teenagers in China Playing the League of Legend China’s Game Restriction on Teenagers and its Effects NPPA, the National Press and Publication Administration of China, which takes charge of online game consideration has claimed the regulation policy named “Notice on Preventing Addiction Among Minors in Online Games” that teenagers are only allowed to play games on weekends and legal* holidays through eight to nine A.M. The main reason why was because of the negative effects playing online games excessively* has on juveniles*. Daily News of China has reported that many teenagers have already been addicted to online gaming presently, and it is obviously giving a bad effect to their teenage growth. Some parents agreed with the policy, saying that the government is trying to help out teenagers to control themselves from playing games too much. However, many teenagers disagreed with the idea, protesting that the government is being too controlling. What happened afterwards was very likely to predict; teenagers started to borrow adult’s ID with money in order to play games. As the Chinese government gave an order not to service new games, it is quite obvious that China is starting to restrict the game industry itself. *Legal: Connected with the law. *Excessively: In a way that is too much. *Juvenile: Relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult. Responsibilities on Gaming Companies due to the Regulations Online gaming companies, including Tencent, one of the biggest gaming companies in China, has agreed to launch new methods such as facial recognition technology and algorithms to ensure the rules are followed. Tencent, especially, is currently monitoring when children are playing their games with tracking technology and sending of prompts* to ensure children were not playing on their parent’s devices. Tencent also introduced a facial recognition scan which verified whether mobile gamers were adults. However, as I have already mentioned above, some Chinese children have circumvented* existing restrictions through use of illegal websites, software, use fake IDs to generate adult ID numbers, and even borrow existing adult IDs to make a new account. Some children use VPNs to access foreign sites to play games and to avoid the time limits imposed* in China. Tencent, One of the Biggest Gaming Company in China *Prompt: To make something happen. *Circumvent: To avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally. *Impose: To force someone to accept something, especially a belief or way of living. Provisions and Possible Impact of the Regulations in China The biggest provisions* of the regulations are below: Implement* real name identification systems across all games, limit the amount of time that minors can spend playing games, implement limits on the spending of minors on online games, implement age rating systems in online games, actively work with parents, schools, and others to fulfill responsibility to minors, and to work with local regulators to implement these changes and ensure they are complying* fully with regulations for the game publishers. Though the Chinese government might have claimed the notice* because they do care about the teenagers’ physical and mental health, experts have already noticed the regulation is affecting companies internationally. Soon after the government’s announcement, stock shares in companies like Amsterdam-listed Prosus, which holds a 29 percent stake in Tencent, were down 1.45%p. European gaming stocks also fell, with companies such as Ubisoft and Embracer Group affected. E-sports in China too, could be affected. Since players under 18 are prohibited to play, China’s gaming restrictions could put a stop to the development of the e-sports sector. *Provision: The act of providing something. *Comply: To act according to an order, set of rules, or request. *Notice: Information or a warning given about something that is going to happen in the future. Gaming Industry in South Korea Statistics show that the gaming market has continued to grow over the past decade, and the market value is estimated to grow up t o19.9 trillion won in 2022. According to the survey held in 2019, around 65.7 percent of South Koreans answered that they were playing video games. However, while Koreans have a huge appetite for gaming, local game developers are not among the world’s leading gaming companies. While the South Korean industry has a global share of around 6.3 percent and gaming is still a widely popular activity, critics point out that the lack of progress and innovation in game development is a big flaw in the industry. Impact on South Korea Some experts have analyzed that local online gaming publishers would not be influenced by China’s gaming regulation as it is confined only with the teenagers so far, and teenagers in China’s online gaming market account for an extremely small amount of the pie of the total gaming sales. The problem is, however, to recheck the uncertainty of China’s online gaming market. Since it is obvious that the government of China has clearly showed its negative perspective of the gaming industry, there is a possibility that the target of the regulations can be expanded to adults, too. South Korea is famous internationally for its reputation of having a huge appetite for games and is one of the leading countries of e-sports. Though I am partly concerned of what impact China’s online gaming regulation for teenagers might have, it can also be a good chance for the local online gaming publishers and local gaming industry. Therefore, I would like to recommend this issue for the students who would like to choose their professions related to the gaming industry. Sources: https://www.china-briefing.com/news/what-to-make-of-the-new-regulations-in-china-online-gaming-industry/ https://nikopartners.com/game-regulations-in-china-everything-you-need-to-know/ https://www.statista.com/statistics/825058/south-korea-gaming-industry-size/ https://www.ekoreanews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=52815

• 작성일 2021-11-22
• 좋아요 Like 0

제 11 호 BTS Effectiveness: Their Efforts and Performance

Kicker: WORLD (CULTURE) BTS Effectiveness: Their Efforts and Performance Eun-Jae Choi, Reporter Weloveeun123@naver.com Now the name BTS i sfamiliar to people. The reason why they became popular was due to the appropriate timing of the new media era like YouTube. They were able to become world stars without having to directly enter the U.S. Also, the lyrics of BTS's songs, which contain a lot of colorful performances and philosophical social messages, became popular because they were a part that many teenagers could relate to. In the meantime, the song "DNA" achieved the result of Korea's first Billboard No. 1 ranking, showing that it is growing more and more. This popularity of BTS has generated an economic impact of 1.7 trillion won and an annual average production inducement of 4.14 trillion won. In fact, according to the '2021 Global Hallyu Trend', BTS's influence was overwhelmingly among Hallyu contents and ranked No. 1 on Billboard Hot 100 with “Butter”for 10 consecutive* weeks, proving its unique influence in the world. Furthermore, by objectively investigating what BTS might have other than economic effects, we will be able to better understand the culture that represents our country and find new directions. < BTS Members Photo> *consecutive : following one after another in a contious series Economic Effects of BTS If you look at the economic value of BTS, you can see that it is very powerful. The Culture Industry Research Center of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korea Culture and Tourism Institute analyzed the economic effects of the song "Dynamite" released last year by combining the sales volume of BTS's Big Hit Entertainment, Korea Bank's input and output, Korea Customs Service's export trade statistics, and Google trend search volume*. According to the results, Big Hit Entertainment is estimated to have earned 245.7 billion won in direct income. As a result, the increase in exports of related consumer goods such as cosmetics, food and clothing was estimated at 371.7 billion won. These results show that when BTS awareness increases, related consumer goods also increase at a certain rate. Furthermore, according to the industrial-related effects of direct sales and increased exports of consumer goods, the production-inducing effect is estimated to be 1.23 trillion won, the value-added effect is 480.1 billion won, and the employment-inducing effect is estimated to be 7,928 people. However, the impact of BTS is greater than we think, considering that COVID-19 has limited overseas movement and the lack of offline concerts has excluded the effects of attracting foreign tourists. *Volume : the amount of it that there is Promotes Korean Culture BTS is taking the lead in the globalization of various aspects of Korean culture, gaining huge popularity. Among the BTS members, Jimin increased his interest in Korean culture by painting Hong Gil-dong and traditional uniforms through collaboration with McDonald's, and even sold official T-shirts, drawing great attention from Korean and foreign fans. In addition, amid a lot of controversy over kimchi, he tried to make kimchi with the members on his own entertainment show "Run BTS" to introduce food and explain how to eat it, so that ARMY fans around the world could be aware of Kimchi as a traditional Korean food. <picture drawn by Jimin's & BTS Making Kimchi> In addition, BTS's favorite foods, tteokbokki and buldak-bokkeum-myeon, have already become a hot topic among fans around the world, resulting in an increase in tteokbokki sales. Korea's rice-processed food exports surpassed $100 million for the first time, and Samyang Foods, which sells fire noodles, also has a significant impact on the national economy, with sales reaching a record high of 648.5 billion won last year. < An article about Korean food that became popular thanks to Jimin> In addition to the fan dance performance presented at the 2018 Melon Music Awards, it seems that it has played a role in promoting constant Korean culture by introducing the unique characteristics of Hangeul through its own song "Christmas Love." As such, one can once again feel the effect of BTS, which has been involved in preserving and globalizing Korean culture in life which has often been neglected or misrepresented. < BTS's Korean traditional dance at the 2018 Melon Music Awards> Art Overcoming the Corona Pandemic One of the reasons why BTS has become so popular around the world is the message of the songs. So far, BTS has made its name known by conveying comfort and emotion to many fans by incorporating social messages or experiences into their lyrics. In the meantime, they delivered a message of hope through the song "Dynamite" during a difficult time due to the coronavirus, which has become the most controversial issue. As a result, the music video recorded 1.2 billion views and achieved the longest chart-in record as a Korean groupin the Billboard 32 weeks. Also, the lyrics reflect American culture by showing the legendary NBA basketball star's name "LeBron" and the homage to Michael Jackson’s"Off the Wall" and "Break of Dawn." Their melodies were also able to make music aimed at foreign fans using disco pop melodies, which were popular in the U.S. < BTS Song Dynamite> This is not the only message to overseas fans. The new song "Permission to Dance" also contains a positive message that people around the world who are frustrated by the coronavirus situation do not need to be allowed to dance like the title of the song even if it is hard. Plus, changing the alphabetical arrangement of the actual title "Permission to Dance" can show the meaning of a hidden title that becomes “Stories on Pandemic”. In addition, the choreography using international sign language has received favorable reviews worldwide. It expresses movements that mean 'pleasure', 'dance', and 'peace' through sign language. In fact, many videos of hearing impaired people who follow it cheerfully on social media were uploaded, and there were responses that BTS had a good influence on society, making it a challenge to clearly experience the effects of BTS. <The sign language scene in the music video of "permission to dance"> Overseas Reaction and Their Position Among the reactions abroad, the Butter Association of America thanked BTS and it was making the rounds on the Internet. The U.S. Billboard said, "Allan Vierga, the communications manager of the American Butter Association, is very happy that K-pop superstar BTS is spreading his love with the number one hit song 'Butter'." It is a reference to the fact that "Butter," which was released on May 21, has become world-famous, ranking No. 1 on Billboard for seven consecutive weeks. According to the American Butter Association, butter consumption in the U.S. has been increasing little by little over the past decade as the U.S. real BTS announced "Butter," and per capita butter consumption has recently reached the highest level since the 1960s. Therefore, BTS has contributed to driving butter sales and consumption growth, and it is expected to help expand exports as the U.S. butter industry depends on exports in the future, the Association said. < BTS Song Butter> In Korea, the effectiveness of BTS can be felt through the fact that it is a special envoy appointment team for the president. Cheong Wa Dae said it has appointed BTS as a special presidential envoy* for future generations and cultures in order to lead global agendas for future generations, including sustainable growth, and expand diplomatic power to meet the nation's elevated status in the international community. At the 75th U.N. General Assembly and other major international conferences in September, BTS said it will also attend various activities to promote international cooperation in solving global challenges such as improving the environment, poverty and inequality and respect for diversity. As such, this appointment as national ambassadors is also part of BTS's power and public diplomacy. < Korean president, Moon Jae-in and Bangtan Boys are taken together> *envoy : someone who is sent as a representative from one government BTS's No. 1 Billboard in the U.S. and K-pop's craze are not just fandom phenomena but also have created industrial effects and national brand values. It is also responsible for removing many barriers by providing social messages and positive influences. As a result of examining Korea's economic effects, BTS has impressed fans in many ways besides economic aspects, and there are growing responses that it should become one of the representative areas of Korea in the pop music industry. As such, BTS is another form of culture that represents Korea's development in line with the global era.

• 작성일 2021-08-26
• 좋아요 Like 1

제 11 호 First Olympics in Corona

Kicker: WORLD (OLYMPICS) First Olympics in Corona How did the Tokyo 2020 Olympics go in the Corona Era? By Sol-Hyang Park, Reporter, & Seo-Won Hong, Cub-reporter cookie7152@naver.com, eunoia1025@naver.com The 2020 Tokyo Olympics, which was scheduled to be held from July 24th last year, was postponed by one year, and was held from July 23rd to August 8th in 2021 due to the global spread of the coronavirus. It was the first event in modern Olympic history. Despite the gloomy situation of Corona, thanks to the sportsmanship and the Olympics, we were united through sports, feeling the excitement and joy. Let’s go back from the opening ceremony and the newly created events to what changesCorona made. The Opening Ceremony As the spread of Corona 19 was strong, the atmosphere of the opening ceremony was very different from the previous ones. Under the theme of "United by Emotion," the opening ceremony of the 2020 Tokyo Olympics tried to express the difficulties and pain of people and athletes around the world due to coronavirus rather than the approach of a global festival, and this was seen a lot throughout the opening ceremony. Some of those who devoted themselves to overcoming Corona 19, such as medical staff and rescue workers entered with the Olympic flag and also took over the torch.Many Olympic athletes who were former doctors and nurses were also included in IOC jockeys - It highlighted heroes who sacrificed themselves in Corona. U.S. first lady commemorating Moreover, it included the memorial process in the opening ceremony, not the closing ceremony, making the atmosphere heavier. The memorial process has been included from the 2016 Rio Olympics, which commemorates the Olympic athletes who were sacrificed and it was held at the closing ceremony in Rio and Pyeongchang Olympics. In honor of sacrificed athletes who were killed in the Munich Olympics disaster but also those who died of coronavirus, the solo dance of Mirai Moriyama under the theme of “Eternal Legacy” and a silent tribute followed. The most noticeable performance with favorable comments was a pictogram pantomime performance. Pictograms is the use of pictorial symbols to mark stadiums or events, introduced after the 1964 Tokyo Olympics.Japanese mime artist Hiropon and duo Kabez introduced all 50 Olympic sports events using their bodies in just five minutes, with blue&white costumes and various tools. It was a one-take performance along with the edited version of 50 events, and many said it was exciting and breathtaking. Empty stadium Unfortunately, all of this was out of the audience. There was no cheering at the moment when the players entered and the torch was ignited. The opening ceremony without the traffic jam at the entrance, the waiting of countless crowds, and the excitement, cheers and applause of the audience, felt like a stuffed stage for TV broadcasting. It definitely showed the reality of the coronavirus in Japan and the world. The effect of Covid-19 on the Tokyo Olympics The 2020 Tokyo Olympics, which was held in a pandemic, created different sights from the usual Olympics. The International Olympic Committee published Tokyo 2020 Playbooks which outline the responsibilities of all games participants and the rules that must be followed. Olympians could be expelled from Japan for breaching Covid-19 rules. All of the athletes, officials, and reporters had to take a covid test 72 hours before leaving the country. They could be admitted into Tokyo with a negative certificate for Covid-19. International athletes and support staff were tested daily. If an athlete tested positive, he or she was not allowed to compete. They had to begin isolation immediately at a designated hotel. The length of isolation was determined by the Japanese health authorities depending on the severity of symptoms. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics was the first Olympics played behind closed doors. 96 percent of the entire games were played without spectators. Often team officials and support staff cheered, but the crowd’s shouts disappeared. Covid-19 created a new tradition for Olympic medal ceremonies. Athletes who won medals placed their medals around their necks. Instead of shaking hands or embracing with dignitaries, medalists had to hang the medal around their own neck to guard against the spread of Covid-19. Athletes could not bite medals or kiss them. Athletes, presenters, and volunteers wore masks at all times except when competing, training, eating, drinking or sleeping. The IOC relaxed COVID-19 protocols. They allowed medalists to take off masks for 30 seconds on the podium to be photographed. The IOC said, “this alleviation will allow athletes to have an image for the media that captures their faces and their emotions during a unique moment in their sporting career, as well as to celebrate the achievements of all the medalists together.” Finally, athletes and sport-specific team officials had to depart no more than 48 hours after the completion of their competition. Empty stadium and self-serve medal ceremony (Yonhap) The 2020 Tokyo Olympics Featured New Sports While many things were banned during the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, there were many new aspects. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics had four new sports and two returning. Surfing, skateboarding, karate and sport climbing made their debut and baseball and softball returned to the Olympic stage for the first time in 13 years. Surfing is a sport that athletes show a variety of skills while riding the waves on the board. Men and women shortboard competitors hit Japan’s coast and they were judged on the difficulty of the maneuvers. Men’s and women’s Olympic skateboarding consists of two events which are park and street. The park event takes place on a bowl-shaped course. Athletes use the inclines within the course to make perform tricks. The course of street event is designed to replicate street skating. Riders can use various tricks with stairs, ramps and rails. Karate is a martial art that originated in Okinawa during the Ryukyu Dynasty. It consists of two disciplines which is kata (forms) and kumite (sparring). It is for both men and women. Men’s and Women’s sport climbing consists of three disciplines: speed climbing, bouldering and lead climbing. Final rankings were determined by combined scores. South Korean Climber Seo Chae-hyun competes in the women’s sport climbing during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games (Yonhap) Tokyo Olympics Highlighted “Gender equality” The 2020 Tokyo Olympics was the first gender-balanced Olympic Games in history with 48.8 percent women’s participation. It is up from 45 percent at the last Olympics in 2016 in Rio. The 2020 Tokyo Olympics have doubled the number of mixed team competitions compared to 2016. There were for 18 total games including archery, shooting, judo, table tennis, track and field, triathlon, swimming, and surfing. There was a journey towards gender equality besides the field of play. The rule changed to allow one female and one male flagbearer at the opening ceremony. The IOC launched its Gender Equality Review Project in 2018 to advance gender equality. Female participation in the IOC commissions has increased, so 46 percent of IOC commission members are now female. The 2020 Tokyo Olympic, postponed a year, with no spectators, banned foreign visitors, concluded on August 8th, 2021. Although the festival atmosphere was less than before, the Olympics and athletes brought us interest, cheer, and joy. Despite the absence of a live crowd and all the problems, the Tokyo Olympics brought us hope and inspiration. The Olympics was interesting in these days when many people hardly leave their homes. Furthermore, the hard work, sweat and tears of athletes gave great joy for 17 days to the people who were tired of Covid-19 and the hot weather. Sources: https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20210812131700013?section=search https://www.yna.co.kr/view/PYH20210804254300013

• 작성일 2021-08-25
• 좋아요 Like 4

제 10 호 Covid-19 Fueling Anti-Asian Racism Worldwide

Kicker: WORLD (ZENOPHOBIA) Covid-19 Fueling Anti-Asian Racism Worldwide Zenophobia Spreading All Over the World By Dong-wook Kim, Editor, Sol-Hyang Park, Reporter smartpodo@kakao.com, cookie7152@naver.com Since the Corona pandemic, the number of confirmed cases of Covid-19 has exceeded 140 million worldwide, and more than 3 million have died. As Corona is prolonged due to the lack of a suitable cure, people worldwide are replacing this disappointment and anger with hatred for someone. Especially for Asians. Asian Zenophobia is Spreading There have been constant issues of hatred and assault on Asians since the Corona pandemic began. In March 2021, an American was arrested for spitting and punching an old Korean man, also, Jeremy Lin, a Taiwanese basketball player, confessed that he was called "corona virus" instead of his name at a U.S. stadium, and it is said that 80% of Asians have been verbally or physically attacked in Germany, according to a survey of 700 Asians from July to December last year done by, Humboldt University of Berlin, and Liberty University of Berlin. Especially, in the U.S, hate crimes against Asian Americans in major U.S. cities rose 149 % year-on-year last year, according to the Center for Hate and Extremism Studies. a German radio host Matthias Matuschik & BTS “Fix You” stage Even for BTS, which is loved worldwide, a German radio host said, "BTS is a corona virus, I hope there will be a vaccine against them," after watching BTS’s cover stage of "Fix You" to console those suffering from Covid-19. With the prolongation of Corona, the fear of infection is turning into "Zenophobia." It is a term coined in ancient Greece, meaning "fear or disgust of strangers, foreigners, or something foreign." Zenophobia is the spirit and term of a concept related to emotion or consciousness based on a sense of superiority or inferiority over other races, such as "we are different from you." The Black Human Rights Movement (The Black LIVES MATTER), is also deeply related to zenophobia. It occurs through collective psychological formation that distinguishes “us (homogeneity)” from” them (homogeneity).” The Asian zenophobia due to the Corona pandemic appears in a variety of forms, such as writing down threatening letters in front of the house where Asians live or notifying Asian students studying abroad that they cannot take classes due to corona. Like this, people in many countries tend to see Asians as potential corona carriers and loathe them unconditionally. How do Western People React to the Unconditional Hatred of Asians? Within the United States and around the world, unconditional hate crimes against Asians have been on a roll since COVID-19 started to boom. Even elders are being assaulted by the residents. In March 2021, an eighty-three-year-old Korean-American grandmother got spit and got hit in the face from an American woman. The violence has crossed the line and the conflict is at the climax. In this state, it is quite interesting how other residents think about this situation. What are the public opinions of the residents? What do celebrities and politicians around the world do to stop retaliatory crimes? According to the survey based on 1040 Chinese-Australians, more than 37% of the people responded that they have experienced race discrimination. 18% responded that they have been physically abused and threatened. Majority of the subject responded that the reason why Asian hate has increased in a short period time is because of COVID-19 and the bad relationship between China and the Australia. Courrier Picard, Explains an Asian Woman as “Yellow Alert” Europe is no exception when it comes to Asian hate. It is hard to get an exact opinion in some European countries like France, Germany and Belgium because of historical issues. However, one of the civic groups ‘Security for All’s’ spokesperson said that “I do not like Asians”. By this, the racism in Europe is quite opened to the public. The politicians and the press have the fault to encourage public to hate Asians. In a German TV broadcast, the announcer described Asian girl as a “Waitress who works at a restaurant”. French local daily newspaper, courrier picard posted a picture of an Asian woman and expressed it as “Yellow Alert”. U.S. Republican Chip Roy, caused a firestorm at a hearing about Asian-Americans and hate crimes by invoking lynching. He said “We believe in justice. There’s an old saying in Texas about find all the rope in Texas and get a tall oak tree. You know, we take justice very seriously, and we ought to do that. Round up the bad guys.” He also added that he is not ashamed to tell that he is a Chicom; a disparaging comment about the Chinese communists. After Donald Trump, a former president of U.S. used the term of “China Virus” in front of the press, the usage of hashtag “China Virus” has increased to more than 83%. Along with the hashtag, above the 780,000 twitter posts, about 50.4% post included anti-Asian hashtags. Celebrities take a great part to make the society clean. There are some celebrities who comes out to speak out for no racism. Due to a string of shootings involving three Atlanta-area spas, eight people were killed in the attacks, with six of people were Asian descent. In a response to this crime, pop star Ariana Grande shared an Instagram story poster saying “The media needs to be held accountable. Call these “INCIDENTS” what they are: Hate crimes against Asian Americans”. Pharrell Williams also posted a quote about the incident and not to discriminate Asians. Famous NBA player Lebron James tweeted his condolences to the victims of the shooting incident calling them senseless and tragic. Celebrities’ Twitter Posts About the Incident in Atlanta Discrimination on a specific race is a new troublesome issue came out during the pandemic. We can specify the area that the disease has occurred, however the reasoning should not turn into an unconditional hate and also other similar race should not be the target to a ridiculous crime. The whole world should unite as soon as possible after making a herd immunity from the virus. Otherwise, the solidarity of the people will hurt as well as the humanity.

• 작성일 2021-05-28
• 좋아요 Like 2